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"The Great Migration: Immigrants to New England 1634-1635 Volume II C-F", by Robert Charles Anderson, George F Sanborn Jr, Melinde Lutz Sanborn. Great Migration Study Project, New England Historic Genealogical Society.  Boston 2001"
pg 249 "James Cudworth"
"Origin: Aller, Somersetshire
Migration: 1634
First Residence: Scituate
Removes: Barnstable 1639, Scituate 1646
 
Occupation: Salter [PCR 12:158]
Church Membership: On 18 Jan 1634/5, "Mr. Cudworth and his wife joined" Scituate church [NEHGR 9:279].

On 1 Mar 1658/9, "Mrs. Cudworth" was among those fined 10s. apiece "for frequently absenting themselves from the public worship of God" [PCR 8:95,99], indicating that by this date she was a Quaker.
 
Freeman: Plymouth 1 Jan 1634/5 [PCR 1:32] (and added to end of 1633 list of Plymouth freeman [PCR 1:52].  In the Scituate section of the 1639 list of Plymouth Colony freeman; his name was deleted in this location and added to the Barnstable section of the same list, and was then deleted again in that place [PCR 8:175, 177].  In the Scituate section of the 1658 Plymouth Colony list of freeman (as "Capt. James Cudworth") [PCR 8:198].
   
On 6 June 1660, "Captain Cudworth being found a manifest opposer of the laws of the government, as appears by sundry expressions in a letter directed by him to the Governor and otherwise, is sentenced, according to the law, to be disfranchised of his freedom of this corporation" [PCR 3:189].
   
On 4 July 1673, "[t]his Court have voted Captain James Cudworth, upon his own desire and the request of sundry others in his behalf, to be" [cont to next page]

[continued]
page 254
"Marriage: Northam, Devonshire, 1 Feb 1633/4 Mary Parker (see COMMENTS below).  When he was appointed on 17 Dec 1673 to lead an expedition against the Dutch, Cudworth wrote to Governor Winslow declining the office, giving as one of his reasons the "estate and condition of my family" : "My wife, as is well known unto the whole town, is not only a weak woman, but has so been all along; and now by reason of age, being sixty-seven years and upward, and nature decaying, so her illness grows strongly upon her" [Scituate Hist 249].  She died before 15 Sep 1681, as she is not named in her husband's will.
 
Children:
i James, bp. Scituate 3 May 1635 [NEHGR 9:281]; m. by 1665 Mary Howland (eldest child b. Scituate 3 June 1665 [NGSQ 75:110, citing records of Pembroke Monthly Meeting]; on 3 Oct 1665, "James Cudworth Jr." was fined 5 Pounds "for committing carnal copulation with his wife before marriage" [PCR 4:106]), daughter of Henry Howland {1632, Plymouth} [GMB 2:1016-19].
 
ii Mary, bp Scituate 23 Jul 1637 [NEHGR 9:281]; m 9 March 1660/1 Robert Whitcomb ("Robert Whetcomb and Mary Cudworth, for disorderly coming together without consent of parents and lawful marriage, is sentenced to pay ten pounds fine and imprisoned during pleasure of the Court; and being desirous to be orderly married, accordingly were this 9th of March 1660[/1]" [PCR 3:206, 209, 220, 4:9].
 
iii Jonathan, bp Scituate 16 Sep 1638 [NEHGR 9:281]; bur. Scituate 24 Sep 1638 [NEHGR 9:285].
 
iv Israel, bp Barnstable 18 Apr 1641 [NEHGR 9:282]; m by 1678 [blank] (eldest known child b Scituate 17 Oct 1678).
 
v Joanna, bp Barnstable 25 Mar 1643 [NEHGR 9:282]; m by 1681 [blank] Jones.  (Mary Lovering Holman read the will of James Cudworth as making a bequest to "daughter Hannah Jones" [Scott Gen 262], but the original clearly reads "my daughter Joannah Jones.")
 
vi "A man child of James Cudworth, unbaptized," bur. Barnstable 24 Jun 1644 [NEHGR 9:285]
 
vii Jonathan, b say 1646; m Scituate 31 May 1667 Sarah Jackson.
 
page 255
 
Associations : James Cudworth's stepfather, Rev John Stoughton, was brother of Israel Stoughton {1632 Dorchester} and Thomas Stoughton {1630 Dorchester} [GMB 3:1773-79]
 
James Cudworth's brother Ralph Cudworth (who never came to New England) was a leader among the group of English intellectuals known as the Cambridge Platonists [DNB].
 
Comments: The parish register of Northam, Devonshire, contains the record of a marriage between James Cudworth and Mary Parker on 1 Feb 1633/4.  There are many reasons to think that this record applies to the immigrant.  First, the timing would be just right.  The date would be just ahead of the sailing season for passenger vessels, and would confirm that Cudworth came to New England in 1634, and not in 1632 as some have thought.  Second, this marriage occurs fifteen months before the birth of the first known child of this couple, an appropriate interval.  Third, Northam is close to Barnstaple, one of the outports from which many West Countrymen departed for New England.  Fourth, there is no other record for the surname Cudworth in the Northam parish register; in fact, the only other entries for the surname Cudworth in the IGI for Devonshire are the baptisms of two of the children of James Cudworth which actually occurred in Barnstaple on Cape Cod and were submitted to the IGI as if from Barnstaple, Devonshire.
   
On 2 June 1640, "Mr. Cudworth, of Scittuate," was presented "for selling & retailing of wine contrary to order" [PCR 1:156].  On 4 Jan 1641/2, "Thomas Byrd, servant to Mr James Cudworth, of Barnestable, for running away from his said master, and breaking a house or two in Barnestable, and taking some apparel and victuals, is censured to be once whipped at Plymouth, and once whipped at Barnestable" [PCR 2:30].
   
In late 1659 (or perhaps in early 1660), Cudworth wrote to a correspondent in England, discoursing on political and religious affairs in Plymouth Colony, and particularly about the circumstances of his own fall from power [Scituate Planters 223-27].  "Last election Mr. Hatherly and myself were left off of the bench, and myself discharged of my Captainship, because I had entertained some of the Quakers at my house, thereby that I might be the better acquainted with their principles....  But the Quakers and myself cannot close in diverse things, and so I signified to the Court; but told them withal, that as I was no Quaker, so I would be no persecutor" [Scituate Planters 223-24].  In the latter part of the letter he spoke harshly of the behaviour and character of some of those who still [continued]