Henry VIII, King of England
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− | Henry VIII of England | + | Henry VIII, [[Monarch of England|King of England]] reigned 1509-1547 |
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− | + | Copied here verbatim, under the [[GNU Free Documentation License|GFDL]], Section 2 — without requiring specific attribution from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | |
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− | Reign 21 April 1509 – 28 January 1547 | + | *Reign 21 April 1509 – 28 January 1547 |
− | Coronation 24 June 1509 | + | *Coronation 24 June 1509 |
− | Predecessor Henry VII | + | *Predecessor [[Henry VII, King of England|Henry VII]] |
− | Successor Edward VI | + | *Successor [[Edward VI, King of England|Edward VI]] |
− | Consorts (his sex wives) | + | *Consorts (his sex wives) |
− | * Catherine of Aragon m. 1509, ann. 1533 | + | ** Catherine of Aragon m. 1509, ann. 1533 |
− | * Anne Boleyn m. 1533, ann. 1536 | + | ** Anne Boleyn m. 1533, ann. 1536 |
− | * Jane Seymour m. 1536, died 1537 | + | ** Jane Seymour m. 1536, died 1537 |
− | * Anne of Cleves m. 1540, ann. 1540 | + | ** Anne of Cleves m. 1540, ann. 1540 |
− | * Catherine Howard m. 1540, died 1542 | + | ** Catherine Howard m. 1540, died 1542 |
− | * Catherine Parr m. 1543, widowed 1547 | + | ** Catherine Parr m. 1543, widowed 1547 |
Issue : | Issue : | ||
− | *Mary I | + | *[[Mary I, Queen of England|Mary I]] |
*Henry FitzRoy | *Henry FitzRoy | ||
− | *Elizabeth I | + | *[[Elizabeth I, Queen of England|Elizabeth I]] |
− | *Edward VI | + | *[[Edward VI, King of England|Edward VI]] |
+ | Father [[Henry VII, King of England|Henry VII]] | ||
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Mother Elizabeth of York | Mother Elizabeth of York | ||
− | Born 28 June 1491(1491-06-28) | + | |
− | Greenwich Palace, Greenwich | + | Born 28 June 1491(1491-06-28) Greenwich Palace, Greenwich |
− | Died 28 January 1547 (aged 55) | + | |
− | Palace of Whitehall, London | + | Died 28 January 1547 (aged 55) Palace of Whitehall, London |
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Burial St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle | Burial St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle | ||
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==The children of Henry VIII== | ==The children of Henry VIII== | ||
− | Mary I, daughter of Catherine of Aragon. | + | #Mary I, daughter of Catherine of Aragon. |
− | Henry Fitzroy, son of Henry's mistress, Elizabeth Blount. | + | #Henry Fitzroy, son of Henry's mistress, Elizabeth Blount. |
− | Elizabeth I, daughter of Anne Boleyn. | + | #Elizabeth I, daughter of Anne Boleyn. |
− | Edward VI, son of Jane Seymour. | + | #Edward VI, son of Jane Seymour. |
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==Legacy== | ==Legacy== | ||
Henry is known to have been an avid gambler and dice player. In his youth, he excelled at sports, especially jousting, hunting, and real tennis. He was also an accomplished musician, author, and poet; his best known piece of music is Pastime with Good Company ("The Kynges Ballade"). The King was also involved in the original construction and improvement of several significant buildings, including Nonsuch Palace, King's College Chapel, Cambridge and Westminster Abbey in London. Many of the existing buildings Henry improved were properties confiscated from Wolsey, such as Christ Church, Oxford, Hampton Court Palace, the Palace of Whitehall, and Trinity College, Cambridge. He founded Christ Church Cathedral School, Oxford in 1546. The only surviving piece of clothing worn by Henry VIII is a cap of maintenance awarded to the Mayor of Waterford, along with a bearing sword, in 1536. It currently resides in the Waterford Museum of Treasures. In the centuries since his death, Henry has inspired or been mentioned in numerous artistic and cultural works. | Henry is known to have been an avid gambler and dice player. In his youth, he excelled at sports, especially jousting, hunting, and real tennis. He was also an accomplished musician, author, and poet; his best known piece of music is Pastime with Good Company ("The Kynges Ballade"). The King was also involved in the original construction and improvement of several significant buildings, including Nonsuch Palace, King's College Chapel, Cambridge and Westminster Abbey in London. Many of the existing buildings Henry improved were properties confiscated from Wolsey, such as Christ Church, Oxford, Hampton Court Palace, the Palace of Whitehall, and Trinity College, Cambridge. He founded Christ Church Cathedral School, Oxford in 1546. The only surviving piece of clothing worn by Henry VIII is a cap of maintenance awarded to the Mayor of Waterford, along with a bearing sword, in 1536. It currently resides in the Waterford Museum of Treasures. In the centuries since his death, Henry has inspired or been mentioned in numerous artistic and cultural works. | ||
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− | + | He fostered humanist learning and yet was responsible for the deaths of several outstanding English humanists. Obsessed with securing the succession to the throne, he left no legitimate heirs but a young son (who died before his sixteenth birthday) and two daughters adhering to adversarial religions. The power of the state was magnified, yet so too (at least after Henry's death) were demands for increased political participation by the middle class. Henry worked with some success to once again make England a major player on the European scene but depleted his treasury in the course of doing so, a legacy that has remained an issue for English monarchs ever since. | |
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==English navy== | ==English navy== | ||
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==Ancestry== | ==Ancestry== | ||
− | + | *16. Maredudd ap Tudur | |
− | + | *8. Owen Tudor | |
− | + | *17. Margaret ferch Dafydd | |
− | + | *4. Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond | |
− | + | *18. Charles VI of France | |
− | + | *9. Catherine of Valois | |
− | + | *19. Isabeau of Bavaria | |
− | + | *2. Henry VII of England | |
− | + | *20. John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset | |
− | + | *10. John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset | |
− | + | *21. Margaret Holland | |
− | + | *5. Lady Margaret Beaufort | |
− | + | *22. John de Beauchamp, 3rd Baron Beauchamp | |
− | + | *11. Margaret Beauchamp of Bletso | |
− | + | *23. Edith Stourton | |
− | + | *1. Henry VIII of England | |
− | + | *24. Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge | |
− | + | *12. Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York | |
− | + | *25. Anne de Mortimer | |
− | + | *6. Edward IV of England | |
− | + | *26. Ralph de Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland | |
− | + | *13. Cecily Neville | |
− | + | *27. Joan Beaufort, Countess of Westmorland | |
− | + | *3. Elizabeth of York | |
− | + | *28. Sir Richard Wydevill | |
− | + | *14. Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers | |
− | + | *29. Elizabeth Bodulgate | |
− | + | *7. Elizabeth Woodville | |
− | + | *30. Peter I, Comte de Saint-Pol | |
− | + | *15. Jacquetta of Luxembourg | |
− | + | *31. Margaret de Baux | |
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==Marriage and issue== | ==Marriage and issue== | ||
Queen Catherine of Aragon (married 11 June 1509 annulled 23 May 1533) | Queen Catherine of Aragon (married 11 June 1509 annulled 23 May 1533) | ||
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*Queen Elizabeth I 7 September 1533 24 March 1603 never married, no issue | *Queen Elizabeth I 7 September 1533 24 March 1603 never married, no issue | ||
*"Henry Tudor" 1534 Historians are uncertain if the child was born and died shortly after birth, or if it had been a miscarriage. The affair was hushed up and we cannot even be certain of the child's sex. | *"Henry Tudor" 1534 Historians are uncertain if the child was born and died shortly after birth, or if it had been a miscarriage. The affair was hushed up and we cannot even be certain of the child's sex. | ||
− | miscarried 1535 | + | *miscarried 1535 |
*"Edward Tudor" 29 January 1536 | *"Edward Tudor" 29 January 1536 | ||
Queen Jane Seymour (married 30 May 1536; died 25 October 1537) | Queen Jane Seymour (married 30 May 1536; died 25 October 1537) | ||
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Mary Berkeley (mistress) | Mary Berkeley (mistress) | ||
(There is no evidence to prove he was Henry's son except through eye witness accounts, who claimed a resemblance to the King.) | (There is no evidence to prove he was Henry's son except through eye witness accounts, who claimed a resemblance to the King.) | ||
− | *John Perrott c. 1527 3 November 1592 married 1. Anne Cheney; 2. Jane Pruet, both of whom produced issue. He also had issue with his mistress Sybil Jones. | + | *John Perrott c. 1527 3 November 1592 married 1. Anne Cheney; 2. Jane Pruet, both of whom produced issue. He also had issue with his mistress Sybil Jones. |
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==Movies== | ==Movies== | ||
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==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
− | ^ | + | #^ Crofton, p.128. |
− | ^ | + | #^ Crofton, p.129 |
− | ^ Churchill, p.29 | + | #^ Churchill, p.29 |
− | ^ Crofton, p.126 | + | #^ Crofton, p.126 |
− | ^ Guicciardini, History of Italy, 280. | + | #^ Guicciardini, History of Italy, 280. |
− | ^ Scarisbrick, p. 154. | + | #^ Scarisbrick, p. 154. |
− | ^ Weir, p. 160. | + | #^ Weir, p. 160. |
− | ^ Lacey, p.70. | + | #^ Lacey, p.70. |
− | ^ | + | #^ "Henry VIII" in the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia. |
− | ^ Brigden, p.114. | + | #^ Brigden, p.114. |
− | ^ Morris, p.166. | + | #^ Morris, p.166. |
− | ^ Haigh p.92f | + | #^ Haigh p.92f |
− | ^ | + | #^ "Clement VII" in the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia. |
− | ^ Williams p. 136. | + | #^ Williams p. 136. |
− | ^ Williams, p.123. | + | #^ Williams, p.123. |
− | ^ Starkey, pp. 462–464. | + | #^ Starkey, pp. 462–464. |
− | ^ Williams, p.124. | + | #^ Williams, p.124. |
− | ^ Williams, pp.128-131. | + | #^ Williams, pp.128-131. |
− | ^ Historians disagree on the exact date of the excommunication; according to Winston Churchill's History of the English Speaking Peoples, the bull of 1533 was a draft with penalties left blank and was not made official until 1535. Others say Henry was not officially excommunicated until 1538, by Pope Paul III, brother of Cardinal Franklin de la Thomas. | + | #^ Historians disagree on the exact date of the excommunication; according to Winston Churchill's History of the English Speaking Peoples, the bull of 1533 was a draft with penalties left blank and was not made official until 1535. Others say Henry was not officially excommunicated until 1538, by Pope Paul III, brother of Cardinal Franklin de la Thomas. |
− | ^ Lehmberg. | + | #^ Lehmberg. |
− | ^ Williams, p.138. | + | #^ Williams, p.138. |
− | ^ Williams, p.141. | + | #^ Williams, p.141. |
− | ^ Ashley, p.240. | + | #^ Ashley, p.240. |
− | ^ Williams, chapter 4. | + | #^ Williams, chapter 4. |
− | ^ Williams, p.142. | + | #^ Williams, p.142. |
− | ^ Williams, pp.143-144. | + | #^ Williams, pp.143-144. |
− | ^ Hibbert, pp.54-55. | + | #^ Hibbert, pp.54-55. |
− | ^ Tudor chronicler Edward Hall | + | #^ Tudor chronicler Edward Hall |
− | ^ Hibbert, p.60. | + | #^ Hibbert, p.60. |
− | ^ Davies, p. 687. | + | #^ Davies, p. 687. |
− | ^ Weir, p.216. | + | #^ Weir, p.216. |
==References== | ==References== | ||
− | The New World by Winston Churchill (1966). | + | *The New World by Winston Churchill (1966). |
− | The Reformation Parliament, 1529-1536 by Stanford E. Lehmberg (1970). | + | *The Reformation Parliament, 1529-1536 by Stanford E. Lehmberg (1970). |
− | Henry VIII and his Court by Neville Williams (1971). | + | *Henry VIII and his Court by Neville Williams (1971). |
− | The Life and Times of Henry VIII by Robert Lacey (1972). | + | *The Life and Times of Henry VIII by Robert Lacey (1972). |
− | The Six Wives of Henry VIII by Alison Weir (1991) ISBN 0802136834. | + | *The Six Wives of Henry VIII by Alison Weir (1991) ISBN 0802136834. |
− | English Reformations by Christopher Haigh (1993). | + | *English Reformations by Christopher Haigh (1993). |
− | Europe: A history by Norman Davies (1998) ISBN 978-0060974688. | + | *Europe: A history by Norman Davies (1998) ISBN 978-0060974688. |
− | Europe and England in the Sixteenth Century by T. A. Morris (1998). | + | *Europe and England in the Sixteenth Century by T. A. Morris (1998). |
− | New Worlds, Lost Worlds by Susan Brigden (2000). | + | *New Worlds, Lost Worlds by Susan Brigden (2000). |
− | Henry VIII: The King and His Court by Alison Weir (2001). | + | *Henry VIII: The King and His Court by Alison Weir (2001). |
− | British Kings & Queens by Mike Ashley (2002) ISBN 0-7867-1104-3. | + | *British Kings & Queens by Mike Ashley (2002) ISBN 0-7867-1104-3. |
− | Henry VIII: The King and His Court by Alison Weir (2002) ISBN 034543708X. | + | *Henry VIII: The King and His Court by Alison Weir (2002) ISBN 034543708X. |
− | Six Wives: The Queens of Henry VIII by David Starkey (2003) ISBN 0060005505. | + | *Six Wives: The Queens of Henry VIII by David Starkey (2003) ISBN 0060005505. |
− | The Kings and Queens of England by Ian Crofton (2006). | + | *The Kings and Queens of England by Ian Crofton (2006). |
==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
− | J S Brewer; Robert Henry Brodie; James Gairdner. Letters and papers, foreign and domestic, of the reign of Henry VIII, preserved in the Public Record Office, the British Museum, and elsewhere. 1965 2d ed. (TannerRitchie Publishing) | + | *J S Brewer; Robert Henry Brodie; James Gairdner. Letters and papers, foreign and domestic, of the reign of Henry VIII, preserved in the Public Record Office, the British Museum, and elsewhere. 1965 2d ed. (TannerRitchie Publishing) |
− | Childs, Jessie. Henry VIII's Last Victim: The Life and Times of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. London: Jonathan Cape, 2006 (hardback, ISBN 0-224-06325-1). | + | *Childs, Jessie. Henry VIII's Last Victim: The Life and Times of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. London: Jonathan Cape, 2006 (hardback, ISBN 0-224-06325-1). Reviewed by C.J. Sansom in The Guardian, 21 October 2006. |
− | Reviewed by C.J. Sansom in The Guardian, 21 October 2006. | + | *Luther, Martin. Luther's Correspondence and Other Contemporary Letters, 2 vols., tr. and ed. by Preserved Smith, Charles Michael Jacobs, The Lutheran Publication Society, Philadelphia, Pa. 1913, 1918. vol. 1 (1507–1521) and vol. 2 (1521–1530) from Google Books. Reprint of Vol.1, Wipf & Stock Publishers (March 2006). ISBN 1-59752-601-0 |
− | Luther, Martin. Luther's Correspondence and Other Contemporary Letters, 2 vols., tr. and ed. by Preserved Smith, Charles Michael Jacobs, The Lutheran Publication Society, Philadelphia, Pa. 1913, 1918. vol. 1 (1507–1521) and vol. 2 (1521–1530) from Google Books. Reprint of Vol.1, Wipf & Stock Publishers (March 2006). ISBN 1-59752-601-0 | + | *Wagner, John A. "Bosworth Field to Bloody Mary: An Encyclopedia of the Early Tudors." Greenwood, 2003. |
− | Wagner, John A. "Bosworth Field to Bloody Mary: An Encyclopedia of the Early Tudors." Greenwood, 2003. | + | *Bowle, John. Henry VIII: A Study of Power in Action Little, Brown, 1964. |
− | Bowle, John. Henry VIII: A Study of Power in Action Little, Brown, 1964. | + | *John Lloyd and John Mitchinson "The Book of General Ignorance". faber and faber,2006 |
− | John Lloyd and John Mitchinson "The Book of General Ignorance". faber and faber,2006 | + | *Bryant, M. Private Lives. Cassell, 2001. |
− | Bryant, M. Private Lives. Cassell, 2001. | + | *Farrow, John V. The Story of Thomas More. Collins, 1956. |
− | Farrow, John V. The Story of Thomas More. Collins, 1956. | + | *"Henry VIII". (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed. London: Cambridge University Press. |
− | "Henry VIII". (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica, 11th ed. London: Cambridge University Press. | + | *Kranes, Marsha et al. Know It All. New York: Tess Press, 1998. |
− | Kranes, Marsha et al. Know It All. New York: Tess Press, 1998. | + | *Moorhouse, Geoffrey. Great Harry's Navy: How Henry VIII Gave England Seapower |
− | Moorhouse, Geoffrey. Great Harry's Navy: How Henry VIII Gave England Seapower | + | *Wagner, John A. (2003). "Bosworth Field to Bloody Mary: An Encyclopedia of the Early Tudors." (Greenwood). ISBN 1-57356-540-7. |
− | Wagner, John A. (2003). "Bosworth Field to Bloody Mary: An Encyclopedia of the Early Tudors." (Greenwood). ISBN 1-57356-540-7. | + | *Henry VIII, "Assertio septem sacramentorum aduersus Martin. Luther" (1521)Treasure 9 National Library of Vatican City displayed via The European Library |
− | Henry VIII, "Assertio septem sacramentorum aduersus Martin. Luther" (1521)Treasure 9 National Library of Vatican City displayed via The European Library | + | |
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" | Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" | ||
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+ | [[Category: England]] | ||
+ | [[Category: Middle Ages]] |