Leofric, Earl of Mercia
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| − | ===Secondary sources | + | ==Primary sources== |
| + | *Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, G.N. Garmonsway (tr,ed). J.M.Dent Ltd, London 1972 (reprint 1992) | ||
| + | **pg 159 : "The Laud Chronicle (E) — 1036 [1035] (footnote: E has misplaced the vacant annal for 1036) In this year Cnut passed away at Shaftesbury, and he is buried in the Old Minster, Winchester. Soon after his passing there was a meeting of all the councillors at Oxford, and earl Leofric and almost all the thanes to the north of the Thames, and [Cnut's] household troops in London, elected Harold as regent of all England...." | ||
| + | **pg 163 : "The Worcester Chronicle (D) — 1043 In this year Edward was consecrated king at Wincester on the first day of Easter. And in the same year, a fortnight before St Andrew's day, the king was advised to ride from Gloucester, and [with] earl Leofric and earl Godwine and earl Siward and their band came to Winchester...." | ||
| + | **pg 174 : "The Laud Chronicle (E) — 1048[1051] ...Earl Siward and earl Leofric and many people with them from the north had come there to the king...." | ||
| + | **pg 175 : "The Worcester Chronicle (D) — 1052 "...He sent then for earl Leofric and north for earl Siward and asked for troops from them." | ||
| + | **pg 177 : "The Laud Chronicle (E) — 1048 [1051] "And then Odda was appointed earl over Devon, and over Somerset, and over Dorset, and over Cornwall; and Aelfgar, earl Leofric's son, was given the earldom which Harold had had." | ||
| + | **pg 184 : "The Abingdon Chronicle (C) — 1055 "A short time after this there was a council in London, and earl Aelfgar, son of earl Leofric, was outlawed without having done anything to deserve his fate. Thereupon he went to Ireland, and added a force of eighteen ships to his own household troops, and sailed to king Gruffydd with that host; and he took him under his protection." | ||
| + | **pg 188 : "The Laud Chronicle (E) — 1057 "Earl Leofric passed away, and Aelfgar, his son, succeeded to the earldom which his father had had." | ||
| + | *[http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=show&page=Charters Anglo Saxon Charters site] | ||
| + | **[http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=get&type=charter&id=1226 Charter S1226] : "Leofric, comes of Chester, founds Coventry Abbey..." [probably spurious, but *note* the conspicuous absence of Godgifu] | ||
| + | **[http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=get&type=charter&id=1232 Charter S1232] : "Leofric, comes, and his wife (Godgifu), to St Mary's, Worcester..." | ||
| + | **[http://www.anglo-saxons.net/hwaet/?do=get&type=charter&id=1233 Charter S1233] : "Godiva (Godgifu), wife of Leofric, to St Mary's, Stow..." | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Secondary sources== | ||
*[http://content.ancestry.com/iexec/?htx=view&r=an&dbid=6892&iid=6892-11-7-14-0959&rc=1549,243,1724,287;1323,1184,1503,1215;1872,1403,1970,1434;1285,1702,1400,1733;1664,1776,1776,1807;1607,1888,1720,1918;1674,2146,1788,2176;1439,2296,1552,2326&fn=&ln=Record+Leofric&st=d&ssrc=&pid=15283 Dictionary of National Biography(1922), "Leofric"] | *[http://content.ancestry.com/iexec/?htx=view&r=an&dbid=6892&iid=6892-11-7-14-0959&rc=1549,243,1724,287;1323,1184,1503,1215;1872,1403,1970,1434;1285,1702,1400,1733;1664,1776,1776,1807;1607,1888,1720,1918;1674,2146,1788,2176;1439,2296,1552,2326&fn=&ln=Record+Leofric&st=d&ssrc=&pid=15283 Dictionary of National Biography(1922), "Leofric"] | ||
<blockquote>"(Lat. Leuricus), Earl of Mercia (d. 1057), was son of Leofwine, ealdorman of the Hwiccas (Worcestershire), and brother of Northman, slain by Cnut's orders in 1017. His father, probably after the death of Eadric or Edric Streona [q.v.] in 1017, became earl of Mercia. Leofric witnesses charters as 'minister' or thegn, perhaps from 1005 (Kemble, 'Codex', No. 714), or earlier, to 1026, in which year he is also described as 'dux'(ib. Nos. 742, 743), though the charter is probably spurious ('Norman Conquest', i. 461 n.) Florence (an. 1017) says that on Northman's death Cnut made Leofric earl in his stead, and that he always regarded him with affection. In the face of the later descriptions of Leofric as thegn, the first statement is hard to accept, and it has been suggested that the passage contains a confusion between Leofric and his father Leofwine (ib. u.s.) Leofric may have received some government, perhaps that of Chester, before held by Northman, and he certainly had a grant from Cnut of Hampton, Worcestershire, formerly granted by Ethelred to Northman (comp. Kemble, Nos. 662 and 938). By 1032 Leofric was an earl, and as Leofwine does not appear as a witness to charters after 1024, it may fairly be assumed that at some date between 1024 and 1032 Leofric succeeded his father in the earldom of Mercia, which was at that time of less extent than the ancient kingdom, for portions had been cut off to form inferior earldoms, and though Leofric's superiority was no doubt recognized by other earls, his immediate rule probably did not for many years after he had received his father's earldom extend beyond Cheshire, Staffordshire, Shropshire, and the North Welsh border ('Norman Conquest', ii. 557-61; Green, 'Conquest of England', p. 498). Yet he was possessed of immense power in middle England, and ranked with Godwine and Siward as one of the three great earls among whom the government of the kingdom was divided. Chester was the head of his earldom, and no doubt the place where he chiefly resided, and he was therefore sometimes described as Earl of Chester (Kemble, No. 939)</blockquote> | <blockquote>"(Lat. Leuricus), Earl of Mercia (d. 1057), was son of Leofwine, ealdorman of the Hwiccas (Worcestershire), and brother of Northman, slain by Cnut's orders in 1017. His father, probably after the death of Eadric or Edric Streona [q.v.] in 1017, became earl of Mercia. Leofric witnesses charters as 'minister' or thegn, perhaps from 1005 (Kemble, 'Codex', No. 714), or earlier, to 1026, in which year he is also described as 'dux'(ib. Nos. 742, 743), though the charter is probably spurious ('Norman Conquest', i. 461 n.) Florence (an. 1017) says that on Northman's death Cnut made Leofric earl in his stead, and that he always regarded him with affection. In the face of the later descriptions of Leofric as thegn, the first statement is hard to accept, and it has been suggested that the passage contains a confusion between Leofric and his father Leofwine (ib. u.s.) Leofric may have received some government, perhaps that of Chester, before held by Northman, and he certainly had a grant from Cnut of Hampton, Worcestershire, formerly granted by Ethelred to Northman (comp. Kemble, Nos. 662 and 938). By 1032 Leofric was an earl, and as Leofwine does not appear as a witness to charters after 1024, it may fairly be assumed that at some date between 1024 and 1032 Leofric succeeded his father in the earldom of Mercia, which was at that time of less extent than the ancient kingdom, for portions had been cut off to form inferior earldoms, and though Leofric's superiority was no doubt recognized by other earls, his immediate rule probably did not for many years after he had received his father's earldom extend beyond Cheshire, Staffordshire, Shropshire, and the North Welsh border ('Norman Conquest', ii. 557-61; Green, 'Conquest of England', p. 498). Yet he was possessed of immense power in middle England, and ranked with Godwine and Siward as one of the three great earls among whom the government of the kingdom was divided. Chester was the head of his earldom, and no doubt the place where he chiefly resided, and he was therefore sometimes described as Earl of Chester (Kemble, No. 939)</blockquote> | ||
